If you’re a developer or systems administrator, understanding what you need to know about Apache Tomcat is essential for deploying Java-based web applications efficiently. Despite newer technologies emerging, Apache Tomcat remains a widely-used open-source servlet container and web server maintained by the Apache Software Foundation.
What is Apache Tomcat?
Apache Tomcat is a Java-based web server that implements the Java Servlet, JavaServer Pages (JSP), Java Expression Language (EL), and Java WebSocket technologies. It’s not a full-fledged application server like JBoss or GlassFish, but it serves as a lightweight and powerful solution for running Java web applications.
Key Features of Apache Tomcat
1. Open Source and Lightweight
- Tomcat is free to use under the Apache License 2.0
- It has a small footprint and is highly customizable
2. Java Servlet and JSP Support
- Supports Servlet 6.0 and JSP 3.1 specifications (as of Tomcat 10.x)
- Ideal for web applications built with Java EE standards
3. Robust Security and Configuration
- Offers built-in SSL/TLS support
- Supports role-based access control (RBAC) and JAAS-based authentication
4. Cross-Platform Compatibility
- Runs on Linux, Windows, macOS, and any OS with a Java Runtime Environment (JRE)
- Compatible with cloud-native environments and Docker
Why Developers Still Use Apache Tomcat
Trusted by the Industry
From enterprises to startups, many rely on Tomcat for its stability, simplicity, and extensive community support. It powers millions of apps and handles mission-critical web services globally.
Cloud and Container-Ready
Tomcat integrates easily with modern DevOps tools, including:
- Docker containers
- Kubernetes deployments
- CI/CD pipelines using Jenkins or GitHub Actions
Setting Up Apache Tomcat
1. Installation Steps
- Download the latest version from Apache Tomcat’s official site
- Extract and move the folder to your desired location
- Set environment variables like
JAVA_HOME - Start the server using
startup.shorstartup.bat - Access it via
http://localhost:8080
2. Configuration Tips
- Modify
server.xmlfor port settings and HTTPS - Deploy apps by placing
.warfiles into thewebapps/directory - Use the Tomcat Manager GUI for managing applications if enabled
Apache Tomcat vs Other Java Servers
| Server | Type | Use Case |
|---|---|---|
| Tomcat | Servlet container | Lightweight Java web apps |
| WildFly | Full Java EE | Enterprise apps requiring EJB, CDI |
| Jetty | Lightweight | Embedded systems, microservices |
| GlassFish | Java EE reference | Enterprise testing, compliance |
Tomcat shines for small to medium web apps, whereas WildFly or GlassFish suit large enterprise environments.
Common Use Cases
- Hosting Java-based REST APIs
- Running Spring Boot applications with embedded Tomcat
- Web apps requiring JSP/Servlet compatibility
- Integrating with legacy enterprise systems
Related: How to Secure Your Web Server
Security Considerations
- Always use the latest stable release
- Disable unnecessary services and restrict manager access
- Implement HTTPS with Let’s Encrypt or commercial certificates
- Monitor logs for suspicious activity
Understanding what you need to know about Apache Tomcat is crucial if you’re working with Java web technologies. Its reliability, ease of use, and broad support make it a staple in both development and production environments. Whether you’re managing microservices or deploying legacy apps, Tomcat remains an essential tool in your software stack.
Related: Tomcat Security Guidelines
